# 1 Hour of Iconic Planet Earth Moments | 20 Years of Planet Earth | BBC Earth

## Метаданные

- **Канал:** BBC Earth
- **YouTube:** https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TjTk-W_iBDg

## Содержание

### [0:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TjTk-W_iBDg) Segment 1 (00:00 - 05:00)

The character of the forest changes as you descend, becoming ever darker and damper, favoring different kinds of animals and plants. Less than 2% of the sunlight reaches the floor, but even here there is extraordinary variety. In the great island of New Guinea, there are 42 different species of birds of paradise, each more bizarre than the last. This forest is so rich that nourishing food can be gathered very quickly. That leaves the male six plumemed bird of paradise with time to concentrate on other matters like tidying up his display area. Everything must be and span. All is ready. Very impressive. But no one is watching. The superb bird of paradise calls to attract a female. And he has more luck. But what does he have to do to really impress her? She retires to consider her verdict. It's hard not to feel deflated when even your best isn't good enough. It's March and light returns to the high Arctic, sweeping away four months of darkness. A polar bear stirs. She has been in her den the whole winter. Her emergence marks the beginning of spring. After months of confinement underground, she toboggins down the slope. Perhaps to clean her fur. Perhaps for sheer joy. — Her cubs gaze out at their bright new world for the very first time. The female calls them. But this steep slope is not the easiest place to take your first steps. But they are hungry and eager to reach their mother who's delayed feeding them on this special day. Now she lures them with the promise of milk. The only food the cubs have known since they were born. Deaf and blind beneath the snow some two months ago. Their

### [5:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TjTk-W_iBDg&t=300s) Segment 2 (05:00 - 10:00)

mother has not eaten for 5 months and has lost half her body weight. Now she converts the last of her fat reserves into milk for her cups. The spring sun brings warmth, but also a problem for the mother. It starts to melt the sea ice. That is where she hunts for the seal she needs to feed her cubs. and she must get there before the ice breaks up. For now though, it's still -30° and the cubs must have the shelter of the den. For many, this is their first journey across the Himalayas. For some, it will be their last. The Golden Eagles have been expecting them. The eagles work in pairs to separate a young crane from the flock. It escapes the clutches of one and is caught by another. But even a young crane is a heavy prize and the eagle has to struggle to control it. The mother can wait no longer. This is a desperate race against worsening weather. Ripening fig trees overhanging the water's edge provide welcome food for shores of hungry fish. The commotion attracts Dorado, known locally as the river tiger. They patrol the feeding shors looking for a chance to strike. And waiting in the wings, ready to pick off any injured fish, are the piranhas. a feeding frenzy quickly develops.

### [10:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TjTk-W_iBDg&t=600s) Segment 3 (10:00 - 15:00)

Piranha can strip a fish to the bone in minutes. Great numbers of fish sustain vast flocks of water birds. The rosette spoon billill is just one of the 650 bird species found in the panau. They nest alongside wood strokes in colon thousands strong. Spectacle cayman linger below, waiting for a meal to fall out of the sky. Many caves are like islands cut off from the outside world and from other caves. This isolation has resulted in the evolution of some very strange creatures. They are the cave specialists, trogloites, animals that never emerge from the caves or see daylight. These trogloites from Thailand are possibly the most specialized creatures on Earth, for they live only in cave waterfalls. The entire population of these cave angel fish seems to be restricted to just two small caves. It's the same story with other trogabites. There may well be less than 100 Texas cave salamanders in the wild. And the bleian white crab is another creature that is unique to just one cave system. Living in perpetual darkness, they have all not only lost the pigment in their skin, but also their eyes. It takes thousands of generations for eyes to be lost. So these species must have been isolated for a very long time. But the blind salamander has other highly developed sensory organs. Receptors in the skin detect minute movements in the water made by its prey. External gills help it to breathe in water that is particularly low in oxygen. The cave angel fish feed on bacteria in the fast flowing water, keeping their grip with microscopic hooks on their

### [15:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TjTk-W_iBDg&t=900s) Segment 4 (15:00 - 20:00)

fins. Food is often in short supply and trogller bites like the crab have to survive on whatever washes into the cave from outside. A salamander might not encounter food for several months, so when something does come along, it can't afford to miss it. It's astonishing that these extraordinary cave dwellers managed to survive at all. There is no other species on the planet that responds as quickly and as dramatically to the good times as the desert locust. Eggs that have remained in the ground for 20 years begin to hatch. The young locusts are known as hoppers, for at this stage they're flightless. They find new feeding grounds by following the smell of sprouting grass. Normally it takes four weeks for hoppers to become adults, but when the conditions are right, as now, their development switches to the fast track. As the vegetation in one place begins to run out, the winged adults release federommones, scent messages, which tell others in the group that they must move on. And when groups merge, they form a swarm. An adult locust eats its entire body weight every day and a whole swarm can consume literally hundreds of tons of vegetation. They have to keep on moving. The swarm travels with the wind. It's the most energy saving way of flying. Following the flow of wind means that they're always heading toward areas of low pressure, places where wind meets rain and vegetation starts to grow. As they fly, swarms join up with other swarms to form gigantic plagues several billions strong and as much as 40 miles wide. They will consume every edible thing that lies in their path. This is one of planet Earth's greatest spectacles. It's rarely seen on this scale, and it won't last long. Once the food has gone, the steady roar of a billion beating locust wings will once again be replaced by nothing more than the sound of the desert wind. The sun's heat and power to evaporate water has had a profound effect on the bodies and habits of everything that lives here. This sun potentially is a killer. And the red kangaroos must acknowledge that right now. While the sun is low, there's no immediate cause for concern. But this situation won't last long. Australia is the world's most arid continent with blistering daytime temperatures. Every hour the temperature rises by 5°

### [20:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TjTk-W_iBDg&t=1200s) Segment 5 (20:00 - 25:00)

centigrade. Soon the heat will reach a critical point. Any kangaroo out in the open is in serious danger of overheating. In the full sun, the temperature on the ground soarses to 70°. By midday, the radiation is so intense they must take shelter. In the shade, they're shielded from much of the sun's energy, but their body temperature can still rise. So, they lick saliva onto their forearms, where there is a network of blood vessels close to the surface of the skin. And as the saliva evaporates, their blood is cooled. This thermal image shows just how effective the process is. The blue areas on the body are the cooler parts. As the saliva dries, it has to be replaced. And this is a real drain on the kangaroo's body fluids. Even in the shade, the earth is baking hot. So, the kangaroos dig away the warmed top soil to get at the cooler ground beneath. By staying in the shade and licking to control their body temperature, kangaroos managed to get through the hottest part of the day without heat stroke. But for the majority of desert animals, this strategy would not be enough for survival. Exhausted from his swim, the bear must regain his strength. The next day, a sea fog shrouds the island. The Wallacees sense that they're in danger. Using the fog as cover, the bear approaches the herd. The adults close ranks around their young, presenting a wall of blubber and hive. He tests the barrier, but it stands firm. It appears that the world's largest land carnival has met his match. — There must be a in the armor somewhere. Not here. This female walrus is shielding her pup if he can just prize her off. The bear's claws and teeth can't penetrate her thick eye. With the herd retreating to water, the bear must. Having failed with one, he heads straight for another.

### [25:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TjTk-W_iBDg&t=1500s) Segment 6 (25:00 - 30:00)

The chance of his first meal in months is slipping away. He seems increasingly desperate. It's now or never. He must avoid the stabbing tusks if he's to win. The flailing bulbous is immensely powerful and drags the bear away from the shallows towards the safety of the herd. It slips from his grasp. Reunited at last, the mother sees her chick for the first time. She's keen to start parenting, but the father needs persuading to surrender the chick he's been caring for all winter. He must now put his chick at risk. In these temperatures, it could freeze in seconds. The male will have to let go. Eventually, the transfer to the mother is safely made. The chicks grow quickly on a diet of fish and squid. Soon they're keen to explore, always with mother in tow. This chick is less fortunate. Its mother has not returned to claim it. Another orphan is searching for a new family, but this female already has a chick of her own. Some orphans receive too much mothering from penguins whose own chicks have not survived. The urge to parent is so strong that they will compete with one another to adopt any chick they find. Many of these scrubbles end in tragedy as the poor chick is trampled to death. Those chicks that do have parents quickly learn survival skills. Even in spring, they must huddle together for warmth, just as their fathers did in the depths of winter. A group of chicks has got lost in the blizzard. Cold and disorientated, they search for the colony. It will not be long before the storm claims its first victims. By early summer, the chicks are surprisingly welldeveloped and now look ready to take on the world. Those that survive their first year have the best possible start in life thanks to the extraordinary hardships endured

### [30:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TjTk-W_iBDg&t=1800s) Segment 7 (30:00 - 35:00)

by their parents. parents who battled with the Antarctic winter and won. At the goose colony, it's high summer and eggs are hatching. The young all emerged within a day or two, a marvel of timing. The colony is now home to a million gosslings. The fox is still gathering all she can get. Sometimes one mouth simply isn't enough. Wow. Huh? One will have to do. Not all food is stored. Some is needed right now. She has seven hungry cubs to feed. As their appetites grow, the mother must work tirelessly to raise her family. Only fat, healthy cubs will survive the Arctic winter. The vast majority of the goings are still flourishing. Their parents lead them down to the safety of the water as soon as they're strong enough to make the journey. For the foxes, boon time has come to an end, but the mother has given her cubs the best possible start in life. The geese will continue grazing the tundra until the summer ends and they're forced to head south for the winter. The cats are hungry and the elephants seem to sense it. Oh Lions don't usually hunt elephants, but desperate times require desperate measures. This herd contains calves. easier targets. But how to reach them? The adults encircle their life. It's an impenetrable wall of gray. A few exhausted stragglers. ers are still arriving. One of them is alone.

### [35:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TjTk-W_iBDg&t=2100s) Segment 8 (35:00 - 40:00)

But it's too big for the lions to tackle. This one looks a little smaller. A solitary lion stands no chance. But the whole pride is here. There are 30 of them. And there are specialist elephant hunters. Male gliding leaf frogs leap from the treetops. To slow their descent, they use their huge webbed feet as parachutes. These large tree frogs spend most of their lives in the high canopy and only come down when it's time to breed. Once settled, they begin to serenade their unseen females. Now it's time for the females to make their move. There's no shortage of suitors, but this female has already made her choice. She's heading towards the loudest call because loud calls come from big frogs, and big is best. But to reach him, she must run the gauntlet of a gang of smaller suitors. Their only chance of mating is to make a sneaky interception. He scored. But with more females arriving all the time, it's not over until the fat frog stops singing. Feet so vital for gliding are now put to other uses. Two's company, three inconvenient. But in any case, all male fogs are equipped with dry thumbs which enable them to get a vicelike grip on their moist partners. It's a case of first come, first served. Living in such a humid environment means jungle frogs are less tied to puddles and pools and these even lay their eggs out of water. There's little chance of them drying out. And up here they're safer from predators. In Western Australia, these dolphins have taken on an even tougher challenge. The fish have taken refuge close to the beach where the water is only a few centimeters deep.

### [40:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TjTk-W_iBDg&t=2400s) Segment 9 (40:00 - 45:00)

Tail slapping is a method dolphins often use to stun their prey, but it doesn't seem to work here. The fish are tantalizingly close, but they're still out of reach. So, the dolphins try another technique. Vigorously pumping their tails, they work up some speed. And then they hydroplane. Their momentum carries them right through the shallowest soft waters and onto the fish. Now they're in real danger of being stranded, but fortune favors the brave. Younger dolphins lie alongside watching. But so far only eight individuals here have mastered this daring technique. Heat. The great white, the largest predatory fish on the planet. Each dawn, Cape fur seals leave their colony to go fishing. To reach the open sea, they must cross a narrow strip of water, and that is patrolled by great whites. Each seal is indeed swimming for its life. The shark relies on surprise. Heat. The great whites turn of speed is powered by a high metabolism. They only thrive in cold temperate seas, for only these waters contain sufficient food

### [45:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TjTk-W_iBDg&t=2700s) Segment 10 (45:00 - 50:00)

necessary to fuel such a ravenous predator. After 17 years underground, creatures are stirring. The nymphs of the periodical cicada have been biting their time. Now they march like zombies towards the nearest tree and start to climb. At first, there are merely thousands, but soon more than a billion swarm all over the forest. The biggest insect emergence on the planet is underway. They invade the upper branches where they climb out of their external skeletons and assume their adult winged form. At first they're white and soft, but they have until dawn to complete their transformation. After an absence of 17 years, the forest is now overrun by cicardas. The adults are clumsy and very edible. For turtles and other inhabitants of the forest, this is a feast they're lucky to see once in their lifetime, and they gorge themselves while they can. Times have never been so good. The cicardas have no defenses and virtually offer themselves to their attackers. The stream of insects is so relentless that soon all the predators are full to the point of bursting. And still the cicardas come. With the predators overwhelmed, the survivors can achieve their purpose. After mating, the adults lay their eggs and then their job is done. In just a few days, they will all die and the forest will fall silent. The cicardas here will not be heard again for another 17 years. An amore leopard, the rarest cat on Earth. Winter is a difficult time for this hunter. There are no leaves for cover and no young prey animals. This female has the added pressure of having to provide for her one-year-old cub. It will be another 12 months before he'll be able to fend for himself.

### [50:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TjTk-W_iBDg&t=3000s) Segment 11 (50:00 - 54:00)

The bickering vultures have abandoned the carcass. It's a valuable discovery for the leopards. But the cub doesn't share its mother's sense of urgency. The vultures have left behind plenty of good meat, but it's stiff with frost. The mother works to open the hide and make feeding a little easier for her cub. There are only 40 amore leopards left in the wild. And that number is still falling. The harshness of the winter here hinders their increase in numbers. It takes one of these females longer to raise her young to independence than it does a leopard in Africa. If the mother can sustain her cub for a few more weeks, spring will bring an increase in prey and her task will lighten. Sailfish 3 m long are closing in on prey. They will only use just enough energy to make their kill, never wasting a fin stroke. Nearly 100 sailfish have surrounded a single school of bait fish. It's very rare to see so many of these hunters in one place. To herard their prey, the predators raise their huge dorsal fins. A mistimed strike by one sailfish could fatally damage another, but each continually changes its color from blue to stripe to black. That warns its companions of its intentions and also confuses the prey. As the shaw is driven nearer the surface, it comes within the range of the seabirds. Out here in the open ocean, there is nowhere for the bait fish to hide. Sailfish live a high octane life. To survive they must find prey daily. So their entire existence will be spent on the move.

---
*Источник: https://ekstraktznaniy.ru/video/42076*