# How to Grow Amazing Plants with Compost Tea - Masterclass with Dr. Elaine Ingham (Part 5 of 5)

## Метаданные

- **Канал:** Diego Footer
- **YouTube:** https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6XsqugAppUo
- **Дата:** 10.06.2022
- **Длительность:** 26:14
- **Просмотры:** 31,901

## Описание

Dr. Elaine Ingham presents her compost tea and extracts masterclass.  She covers why to use compost tea, key compost tea ingredients, how to make compost tea, and how to apply compost tea for the most benefit.

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## Содержание

### [0:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6XsqugAppUo) <Untitled Chapter 1>

i want to talk about this uh project

### [0:01](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6XsqugAppUo&t=1s) G.W. Bush Presidential Center in Dallas, Texas: recreate the Texas Prairie similar to the Bush Ranch

that we were working on uh this is the george w bush presidential center in dallas texas and the charge to us was to recreate the texas prairie similar to what it was what it is on the bush ranch they're not egocentric at all well we're all the same way about our property right so they want to reestablish this the people i was working with the head on the project was ted hartzik from olsen associates in kansas city james attillo uh working with the van balkenberg associates in new york city the person the people who are responsible for the high line in new york city and so is being maintained strictly with compost and compost tea nothing else after 9 11 when the twin towers went down we had already been working with the people in battery park city and all of that property was impacted by the drywall by the being buried there are sick there were six thousand trees in battery park city all of which were impacted to some extent some totally buried in the ash coming down from the twin towers out to the tip of manhattan island where it was three inches deep out at the tip so this is the park that's right there downtown manhattan completely impacted think of the salt going into the soil about um five six days after the twin towers came down it rained all that salt going into the soil so as we uncovered the trees all of the trees were defoliated all of the shrubs the grass looked horrific so what do you do most arbiculturalists said the only thing you can do is to mow all those trees down take out all of the shrubs replace everything but we were already working with battery park city we already had them on a program of compost and compost tea been working there for a good 25 years and we said instead we just have to go out there and complex the salts with a really good compost with the humic acid in the compost resuscitates the biology that had been killed out of the six out of the 6 000 trees in battery park city only six of them died that's what biology does for you so how do we have to follow the directions of people who don't understand organisms so all done with compost and compost tea compost that we make on manhattan island right there at the tip um james is now working with the st louis arches so all of the new park going in underneath the arches in st louis is all being done with compost tea with the proper biology and so here we are the bush presidential center in dallas texas and of course the biology being done the assessments being done by the laboratory in corvallis this is what we started out with the bush family comes to us and says we have had two companies try to put in native prairie on this site and they have not been successful and we looked at this and went really somebody tried to do something here because it's not making it for me this is an urban landscape this used to be a parking lot there are all kinds of big trucks and big diesel and all kinds of oil spills and god he just couldn't you know the smell coming out of this was like oh boy so how are we going to turn that dirt with no life no organic matter i'll show you what that dirt looks like as we first started to try to dig it up well how we're going to take that and turn it back into something that will support a native texas prairie within one year this is september of 2013. the end date on the project is september 2014. how are you going to do this in a year this was in the fall september so at least we're starting at the right time we can do a lot through the winter time period with biology to really fix the soil there's the first pile of compost that came in we went all over texas and developed a working relationship with a couple composting yards where they actually did the compost according to our specs our specifications so it's coming good aerobic nice rich dark brown really good humus um humic acid in there now we're not gonna leave this and this it's not a prairie flat like this so we are gonna do a lot of permaculture we're going to put in swales hills we're going to pay attention to the hydrology of the system we're going to have lateral movement of the water across the landscape but that's only part of the project you are not going to be successful if that's all you do we have to get the biology back in there and we're going to have to baby it to make certain that it comes along as we started trying to dig into this was concrete this was over a thousand pounds per square inch in order to be able to pound a front end loader and get the soil to break up is that soil i'm not sure i'd even call it dirt no it was just oh ho have we got work to do so yeah we are getting out there with the big equipment and trying to break this up and you know mix the compost into this material get some plants started and so i'll show you some of that process so in that previous picture was taken from right up here so you can see the amount of land movement we are doing a lot to get valleys and hills and change it from a flat lasered landscape into something that's more realistic all of these trees are being planted into that soil so we are being very careful about having our b horizon our a horizon getting an organic matter layer in there all the trees are treated with compost tea soaked that root ball is soaked in the proper biology with the mycorrhizal fungi because these trees were coming with absolutely no mycorrhizal fungi on those root systems very chemically dependent plants we've got to reverse that so they have a chance of surviving so as things are being moved around no engineered soil on this site at all we would not allow it because engineered soil is just sand silt clay mostly sand i think we already had enough sand here in texas we didn't need to be bringing in more what we needed to do is be putting the organic matter in so that brown color of this soil is the mix of the site soil with the compost and so already we're starting to build structure as soon as that goes down structures being built by the organisms that we're making certain is in that in the soil and now we are starting to apply compost teas in various places so the liquid form you can see the shrubs being planted those shrubs were planted early in 2014 and you'll see the end in just a little bit kelp this is kelp going out on the ground not fertilizer so lots of fungal foods going into all these places because the site soil had a little bit of bacteria left in it and that was it so we've got to put everything else back into the system so getting things just as fungal as we possibly can and yes the building is going to pace so that is the bush library on the presidential center and you can just see more of that it is a decomposable fabric that we're using here so we can leave it in place and the fungi will come along and decompose it so you know we're terracing a lot of places once the plants start growing you don't notice the terraces so it looks like a you know totally natural grassland but you can see how close we are this is the outskirts of dallas the skyline of dallas is right out in that direction and i'll show you that when we get done there we are september of 2014. one year and you saw what that looked like while we were building getting that soil getting the proper biology so that these plants would all grow we seeded in all of the seeds had been soaked in a compost tea with the proper mycorrhizal fungi for the native species native plants very rarely require the same mycorrhizal fungi as our european crop species you have to find the mycorrhizal fungi from the native grassland luckily we had the bush ranch to go back to we had a source of those mycorrhizal fungi that we could go collect and then make certain we were getting the mic the correct mycorrhizal fungi on those seeds so that approximately six months later pictures of that native grassland there's the skyline of dallas in the background you can see one of those buildings that was right next to the site you can see just the edge of the library right there but this has no weeds all of the native species are coming back you couldn't ask for something more gorgeous than this native grassland species the lady bird johnson wildflower center sent people here to assay to see how successful we were at bringing back the native grassland and they said they had not they have not seen as true to life nate um texas prairie ever on uh in this shorter period of time this is one year so somebody wants to tell you it can't be done it's not possible to bring back native pers in this short period of time send them to ted because we've done it um this is the boulevard coming up this kind of exemplifies some of that layering that we were doing so we want to make certain that the water will be moving along this avenue properly we don't want water logging to be occurring so we've got the hydrology moving in the right direction we're coming in with layers of that composted site soil we've got a little bit of sand going in certain places because we want the drainage moving properly you have to understand hydrology as well as what do the plants need in terms of the biology and rebuilding the layers the horizons in the soil and so this is two and a half months after that last picture and the trees have just gone in of course inoculated with all the right organisms and the mycorrhizal fungi this is a mix of about five six species of different native texas grasses what you're seeing coming up here is the buffalo grass and the texas grandma it's a black grama grass native to this part of the world there is no irrigation on all of this project no irrigation because it wasn't necessary you rebuild structure in the soil with these organisms and every drop of dew moves into the soil we need to have these grasses to be the surfaces to condense the dew every morning every evening so we get all of that water back into the soil working with jeff lawton in the deserts of the middle east this is exactly the same process we had to follow yep jeff got in there and doing the swales and making sure that we have the topography that we require but in order to make certain that the water is going to move into the system we had to have those grasses and the proper biology building structure in the soil so all of the dew that fell either moved down into the soil through the stem or fell off the leaf into the pond and so within one year working in saudi arabia for example near dubai and jordan we have oasis so irrigation is not required in these kinds of systems this is a semi-arid grassland enough water falls as long as we capture and catch it and get it going deep down into the soil protect our soil surface from evaporation so in the dry summer period yes many of those grasses will go dormant but they are protecting your soil surface from losing water through evaporation our soil is dark dormant grass material is a light tan color so we reduce the amount of loss of water if we can protect that soil surface through that dry summer period we've done similar things with christmas trees just to you know again it's compost tea going onto half of these christmas tree lines some of them a whole compost tea going out some of them half was compost tea half was the chemical and the some were completely chemical and after that first growing season you can see the change in the root system where we put the proper biology in versus where we didn't have the good biology these are root systems that are stressed they're searching for water they're searching for nutrients and they cannot find them you cannot put on enough fertilizer on a day-by-day basis to keep these plants healthy so these seedlings grew two years worth of um growth the next year they went through two years worth of growth the next year again so when these seedlings were five years old they could be harvested and sold it took eight years for these seedlings to reach the same stage where they were large enough to be sold so you know lots of examples of success we need to get the coverage and that's one of the especially above ground we need to protect the above ground parts of our plants with the organisms that are in compost that are in the tea we have to make certain that the diseases don't even know your plants there are no bare leaf surfaces root surfaces your plant is putting exudates out of

### [15:08](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6XsqugAppUo&t=908s) Applications

every part of its body in order to grow these organisms if we've been killing these organisms off perhaps through no fault of your own your neighbors spraying dust problems killing the organisms off we got to put them back on so our plants can stay healthy so we've talked about all of this i think i can zoom along because i've got a whopping big 10 minutes left we have to make certain the leaf surface is covered top and bottom where does most of the disease actually

### [15:42](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6XsqugAppUo&t=942s) Application Methods

start on your plants where do the insects attack first it's the bottom side of the leaf so if you have a choice between getting the compost tea on the bottom or the top of your plant pick the bottom get those nozzles where they're spraying up so we're covering those leaf surfaces top and bottom and then you think about your leaf surface covered like this a disease-causing fungus a spore of a disease-causing fungus coming along and falling on this leaf it can't make it to the leaf there are no exudates for it to germinate and grow there are protective organisms that are going to eat that spore if it germinates long before it can get anywhere close to your plant tissue that disease or past organism is going to be taken care of if we've been applying pesticides if we've been using even the coppers and the sulfurs that were allowed in the organic world you're killing the organisms on the leaf surface and of course all the exudates coming out lots of food for your diseases in your pests there's lots of spaces for the diseases and pests to find the infection sites and cause damage so we need to cover those leaf surfaces when we're looking at a bacterial cell bacteria make glues so i talked about that before where they make glues to stick themselves to these surfaces so they're attached to your plant if it's a disease-causing organism there's the infection site this bacterial disease-causing organism has to find exactly the right set of chemicals lecithins in order to attach and start pushing additional bacteria and infection thread into that into the host plant this is a dead organism doesn't quite know it yet but it's on its way out because there's nothing to protect against this disease where we have to be working is to make certain that all of those infection sites are occupied by somebody beneficial we have to get those beneficial organisms covering those leaf surfaces again we have to make certain that it's the good guys that are glued to our leaves to the surfaces so there is no way the disease can find a place to attack all of the exudates coming out of this plant need to be used by our beneficial organisms that should be lined up completely covering the surfaces of our plants so i want to go through another little experiment real quick last one i think we had a vineyard close to us in oregon about uh two acre vin vineyard they had lost all of the berries because of a late frost that year so when we came to them and said we'd like to run this experiment where we want to show how beneficial compost tea is how much tea do you have to have on those leaf surfaces what's a really important factor so we went out into that vineyard and we covered everything in that vineyard 70 coverage with grey mold botrytis scenario

### [18:50](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6XsqugAppUo&t=1130s) 100% of grape leaf covered by compost tea 70% covered by Botrytis cinerea

scenario huge problem in oregon so made certain the disease was there it was starting to germinate it was starting the disease process and then we came along and sprayed just water on one section of the vineyard 10 percent coverage with our compost tea organisms is that going to be enough can we prevent problems if we get at least 10 coverage on that leaf surface well does it need to be 50 percent coverage or how about 70 coverage how about 100 coverage whoa how much coverage do we have to have how well get these leaves covered so we came out the next day and applied a hundred percent coverage so how do you detect uh coverage with your microscope so we're looking at that leaf surface and you can see just how thick everything is covered with all those wonderful bacteria and look at all the different species of bacteria in there isn't that great all the different morphologies and we got some fungi what we're seeing is that we have to have at least five percent of the surface covered by fungi the rest of it can be covered by bacteria absolutely no disease and so when we were looking at that leaf this was a leaf picked off of those uh that from that part of the vineyard that was covered a hundred percent after three weeks no botrytis no problem we have completely dealt with the disease by covering the leaf surfaces so whether it's a disease fungal disease a bacterial disease a virus an insect these are the kinds of results that we need to be seeing so can we get away with just covering it seventy percent so here the here's one of the leaves from that portion of the vineyard where we covered 70 no disease no problem here so yep pretty good is looking pretty good now how about 50 coverage when we look at the leaf surface you can see a lot of that leaf that bright orange color is the chlorophyll auto fluoresces so when you have a uv lamp and you um put the uv lamp up you'll see where uh

### [21:08](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6XsqugAppUo&t=1268s) 50% of grape leaf covered by compost tea

the there's absolutely no coverage on that surface your chlorophyll is shining through we do have 50 percent of that leaf surface covered but there's a lot of spaces where the spores of the disease-causing fungus botrytis can find food to germinate and grow

### [21:25](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6XsqugAppUo&t=1285s) 10% of grape leaf covered by compost tea 70% covered by Botrytis cinerea

where it can cause infection in that leaf surface and here we are two weeks later that's botrytis there is botrytis very narrow hyphy clear colorless hyphae and you can see where the leaf surface is just covered with the botrytis what did those leaves look like two weeks after in the part where we only covered this leaf surface by 50 we got plants that had we applied this earlier in the summer we would have killed the plants luckily we waited until fall so there are some places where the plant is still photosynthesizing but these plants are going to lose all their leaves and you know it was three feet between this section and the part that was seventy percent three feet and we're losing the leaves over here not a leaf loss over there so here's the critical point you've got to cover your leaves at least 70 percent we've got to get this kind of coverage if we're only looking at 10 we barely could get this leaf into the laboratory to take a picture of it and i can't show you any of the leaves from the just water applied part of the vineyard because all the leaves were gone they were flying in the wind and of course you know what did the vineyard owners say at that point so am i going to have a problem with patriotis next year look at all the patriots you just put into my vineyard uh what are you going to be doing about this so it's not going to be a problem don't worry we're going to come out and we're going to apply compost tea he's never had a botrytis problem since that time or mildew or insect pests because we kinda we treat this guy right um because we kind of did a job on his vineyard so

### [23:23](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6XsqugAppUo&t=1403s) The Process

so when to apply you know soil drenches in the spring and at harvest so two times you would put on an extract you know if the compost isn't really great 20 gallons per acre if it's really pretty good um one gallon per acre take a look at your biology make sure you get it on the seed so come springtime make sure your seeds are covered with this really good biology when we're dealing with crop systems annual plants we then want to spray a compost tea in the first year during the transition we're going to spray at the first true leaf stage about a month later at the pre-blossom after post blossom we don't want to interfere with your bees for pollinating your plants and bees don't do well if you've got flowers filled with water so we just don't spray during that time so uh annuals when we're dealing with this transition with perennials we're going to apply at budswell because that's where most of the fungal diseases actually colonize your leaf and your bud so you have to be out there right at the beginning of the growing season so right now here in california would probably be the time you'd be wanting to get that first application of compost tea out to protect your uh fruit to protect your leaves uh and then monthly until you don't have a disease danger if you have um leaf curl so peach leaf curl any of that you don't have to be applying right now if that's the only disease problem that you've got you wait until you see the leaves starting to curl go out and spray takes care of the tifrina tifrine causes leaf curl it is the biggest wimp on the planet so just a little bit of good biology deals with that now uh mildew oh you better be out there right now saving your buds from that mildew getting the whole plant covered above ground may and once we get the proper biology in the soil then you don't have to do the above ground applications anymore because as soon as your soil has all this good biology all those cute little flying things land on the soil and then come up and land in your tree and they will spread that biology for you so you don't have to be doing that where did we put the tea in this picture uh root systems on these grasses are going down eight to ten feet root system on these grasses was about two inches and we got to build structure get the root systems down there and then you don't have to or irrigate potato land we've done a lot of work grass seeds i have an experiment but yeah i don't have time

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*Источник: https://ekstraktznaniy.ru/video/52664*