you start lifting properly. So, let's start with training because this is where 90% of your muscle growth actually happens. Take a look at this. 56 of the world's top natural bodybuilders, guys who have naturally built well over 20 lbs of muscle beyond what most guys could achieve even with drugs. And a few months ago, a group of researchers studied their actual training routines to try to find out how they're putting on so much muscle naturally. Now, you'd expect them to spend hours in the gym annihilating their muscles with tons of exercises, but that's not what they found. On average, they only do about 12 sets per muscle per week. So for chest, that's four sets of bench, four sets of incline, and four sets of flies for the whole week. And for some muscles, they were doing just six sets a week. Probably a lot less than what you're currently doing. And the reason why might surprise you. The more sets that you're doing, the less benefit you get from each extra set. That's Dr. Mike Zordos, professor cited in over 6,000 studies, who currently runs a muscle growth lab out of Florida Atlantic University, where he and his team recently investigated how much more muscle you grow by doing more sets in the gym. Now, most people expect a straight line upward. More sets, more growth. But here's what they actually saw. From sets 1 to five, you're getting a lot of growth. From 5 to 10, you're getting some. And then every time you add sets after that, we're not as confident that you're still getting more growth. And so if training longer and longer isn't the best solution, then what is? This is where it gets interesting. So Mike and his team actually ran a second analysis. How much more growth do you get by taking each set closer to failure? The point where you literally can't do another rep if your life dependent on it. When you stop your set at eight reps short of failure, which is honestly the intensity I think most gym goers train at, your muscles still grow. But when you push each set to just one or two reps short of failure, growth nearly doubles. And I can hear you already, Jeremy. I train hard. That's not the problem. Trust me, I have worked with both beginners as well as train lifters who have plateaued and they both fail the two simple tests I look for. Number one, if their last rep isn't moving really slow, they aren't pushing hard enough. And number two, if on their very last set of their exercise, they can do more reps than their first set, even though they're using the same weight, again, they're not pushing hard enough. But now you might be thinking, okay, so if more sets help and training closer to failure helps, then why not just do more sets and take them all to failure? I always try to remind folks that there are downstream effects of every training decision that you make. What that means is if you take all of your sets to failure, you're going to feel terrible after the session. Then you might have some fatigue and soreness the next few days. If that lasts for a little bit longer, maybe you can't train again or train effectively and then you've actually decreased your frequency throughout the week and maybe that inhibits some of the total volume that you could do because you were so fatigued from it. So if your goal is building muscle as fast as possible, the key isn't trying to maximize everything at once. It's choosing the training style that allows you to train hard, train consistently, and avoid injury. And that usually comes down to two main approaches. The first is what I call the intensity method. And if you hate spending hours in the gym, you're going to love this. If somebody loves training to failure, then they can go and knock out all of their sets to failure. Perhaps they don't need as many total sets. Maybe even five sets a week for so on a muscle group. You only do 5 to 12 sets per muscle per week. So for chest, you might do three sets of bench, three sets of incline, and two sets of cable flies. That's eight sets for the entire week. Your whole chest workout might take just over 20 minutes. And you might be in the gym as little as 3 or 4 hours a week. But remember, you're taking every set to failure. And I'm not talking, oh, this is getting hard failure. I mean, you physically cannot move the weight another inch. Your muscles are shaking, your face is red, and you're making weird noises. It is mentally tough, but I have personally seen many lifters switch to this approach and see way better gains with half the sets because for the first time in their lives, they're training with actual intensity instead of just running on autopilot with three sets of 10. But I will admit, each set is a mental battle, which is why there's a second option. With the volume method, you do more sets, like 12 to 20 sets per muscle per week, but you stop two or three reps short of failure. So that same chest workout becomes four sets of bench, four sets of dips, four sets of incline, and four sets of cable thighs. Each set is easier, but the workouts are longer. Now, which approach is actually better? The difference is pretty small. We get hung up on looking in the weeds at what is the statistical difference in this and but we're talking about a few millime. So, whatever somebody is going to enjoy and adhere to the most, they should do that. — Now, for me personally, I do a mix of both. So, for arms and back, I actually prefer fewer sets pushed all the way to failure. And whenever I'm short on time, I also use the intensity approach. But for muscle groups like legs, taking sets to failure can honestly be brutal and hard for me to recover from. So, I'll often prefer adding an extra set or two instead. But to find what works the best for you, here is an upper and lower body workout with the intensity approach. And here are those same workouts, but with the volume approach. So, try out both and see what style you're personally more likely to stick to. But regardless of which approach you choose, if you're training this hard, you have to be smart about how many sets you're doing in each workout. This is a pretty recent paper from us by Jake Remer, one of my PhD students right now who just did a fantastic job on this. Unlike the other meta regression from Pelland where we want to see the number of sets per week, we wanted to see where you tap out for those diminishing returns in sets per session. We found that right about 10 11 sets per session per muscle group. So over that we aren't sure if we're really getting more growth. And now that could be for physiological reasons. It could be for fatigue, right? We're training in such a fatigue state that we're not really accomplishing anymore. But what that suggests to me is that this is where frequency becomes a variable that becomes to be important. And all this means is rather than doing 12 sets of chest all in one workout, split those sets up into at least two separate days per week. Based on Mike's analysis, that one switch has the potential to speed up your gains by up to 30%. Which is why upper lower splits, pushpull leg splits, and full body splits are great options to organize your training. And for me personally, my favorite split is this 5day upper lower pushpull leg split. But the exact split matters much less than choosing one that actually fits your schedule and lets you stay consistent. And if you stick to what we covered so far, depending on your experience, you should be able to build 3 to 8 lbs of muscle over the next 6 months. But you can speed up those gains even further by
choosing the right exercises. — The mistake that some newbies might make, especially with this social media age and there's so much information, is there's a lot of exercises you could be doing, but you aren't in a position where you can efficiently learn many, many exercises. — That's Steve Hall, a pro drug tested natural bodybuilder who has gained 45 lbs of muscle throughout his 20 year lifting career. He explained how there's three stages when it comes to choosing your exercises, starting with beginners. Yeah, at least for those novice lifters, fewer exercises, just general movement patterns, a press, a pull, a squat, a hip hinge, and then you can kind of build from there. In fact, with just these six core exercises done three times a week, you can build well over 10 lbs of muscle. But once you actually put on some muscle and have at least 2 or 3 years of consistent training under your belt, you might notice those same compound movements have limitations. This is where stage two comes in and is where most people plateau. Once you're at this point as an intermediate, you've probably really grown some of your strong, genetically well-endowed muscle groups cuz your body is just it wants to move the weight A to B the most efficient way possible. For example, squats did a great job of growing my glutes and inner thighs, but my quads barely budge. And bench press never really did much for my chest and often just bug my shoulders. It wasn't until I started doing hack squats for quads and more machine and cable work for my chest did these areas finally start responding. But I know for others it's the complete opposite. There are some exercises that really suit certain body types versus others. — At this stage, you need to become your own guinea pig and figure out what your body and your joints respond best to. And this is also the stage where you might add a few more specialized exercises, especially for muscles that tend to lag behind, like the rear delts, upper chest, or lats. But here's a list of a few exercises for each muscle that I find tend to work well for most people. Try two or three of these out per muscle and pay close attention to which ones feel the best on your joints and give you the best pump and next day soreness. Those are likely going to be your winners. And so by the time you've reached stage three, you figured out which exercises actually grow your muscles the best. So instead of constantly changing exercises, you simply double down on the ones that work and rotate them only when needed. May or may not like this question, but I'm just curious. If you could pick one exercise for every single muscle, what would they be? You're right. I don't love it. But I will play ball. Delts, I'll go for a cross body cable lateral raise. Triceps, I really like skull crusher variations. Dumbbell skull crushers probably are the most sustainable for me. Then for biceps, I will say Beijian curls are a big go-to. For chest, I struggle with my chest. I will go for good converging machine press. Uh for lats, I will say any sort of shoulder width to slightly inside shoulder width lat pull down works super well for me. And then for my upper back, a good pronated grip shoulder width or slightly wider machine row suits me down to the ground. Glutes like a machine hit thrust, can't go wrong with it. Quads, if you've tried a lot of hack squats, the Cybex one, like a lot of well-trained lifters kind of acknowledge it as one of the best. It's very challenging and humbling. hamstrings, a good RDL, — and then last but not least, calves. — A straight leg calf raise. Can't beat it. — And what's exciting about the stage is even someone like me, I'm still discovering exercises that unlock new growth. My chest and back are good examples. They've grown more in the past couple years than they have in a long time, even though my body weight didn't change that much. But while training is the engine that drives muscle growth
your nutrition is a fuel. And the most important question you need to answer is how much should you eat? Take a look at this chart and let's start over here. Above 20% body fat for men or above 30% for women. If that's you, then while it may not look like it, you actually have a unique advantage. There's about five times the energy in the fat tissue compared to the lean tissue roughly. And if your body believes it needs to build muscle cuz you're giving it a resistance training stimulus, — some more body fat may be metabolized to feed that. That's Dr. Eric Helms, a muscle growth scientist and pro-natural bodybuilder. If you have enough body fat, he suggests you want to aim for a body recomposition, losing fat while building muscle. You probably don't need to be in a surplus. And you might be able to make just as good of gains. Probably not exactly as good, but pretty close. You're going to get a little more bang for your buck visually accepting like 80 to 70% of the muscle gain you could have got, but losing body fat in an appreciable rate. But the trick is you don't want to be in a large deficit. The likelihood of muscle mass losses scales with the deficit size. I would probably cap your deficit and say losing. 5% of your body weight per week. So if you multiply your body weight by 0. 005, that is how much weight you want to aim to lose per week, which means you're eating about 250 max 500 calories less than your body needs per day. Many of our app members follow this exact protocol and end up seeing a complete transformation even though their weight hasn't changed that much. I personally saw with my brother-in-law's 6 month transformation, too. While he only lost about 12 pounds on the scale, he actually lost around 20 pounds of fat while gaining seven pounds of lean mass. But if you're serious about maximizing growth, you actually don't want to use this approach forever. And in those scenarios, you can probably until you get below that cut off, that 20 or 30% respective body fat percentage level just based loosely on the data. That's the point where you might go, you know what, if muscle gain rather than fat loss is my principal goal, now I'm going to move it closer to maintenance or a slight surplus. So if you're lean enough, this is actually where more calories can help maximize growth. There's a great study by Rosnik and colleagues, 2002, untrained university age males. They go into a hypertrophy oriented program and they're being been given either nothing, just follow habitual diet, or a 2,000 calorie weight gain shake. They were just so responsive to training, they gained almost a pound a week of lean mass and body mass. So exclusive at the group level, lean gains over 8 weeks, almost a pound a week when they added those 2,000 calories. For context, most new lifters can expect to gain 10 to 20 lbs of lean mass after a full year of training. And just by pairing hard training with a large calorie surplus, these students were able to gain eight after just 2 months of training. But that same approach isn't going to work for everyone. The key is scaling your calories based on your potential to grow. Your nutrition is permissive to growth. So if you are a rank beginner, 2% gain in body mass per month, that's a great target and it should be enough to not hold you back. And if you are intermediate, somewhere closer to 1%. And then if you're advanced, which hopefully also comes with the ability to precisely track your nutrients, that might be something closer to 0. 5%. And so based on Eric's advice, here's the exact approach I'd recommend. Depending on your experience level and how much body fat you're carrying. But with your calories now figured out, how much protein should you eat? Considering protein has been put into literally everything nowadays, it must be a game changer for growth, right? Well, the real answer might surprise you. So protein overall has a very small effect. So, I've made a whole past video on this, and while protein does support muscle growth, it doesn't play as big of a role as people think, and you don't actually need very much to maximize this benefit. So, I still think say 1. 6 g per kilogram or higher as a kind of cut off on the low end is a good idea. 7 g per pound if you're an American. — And it's not like you won't build any muscle if you're not meeting that, right? Again, that's like the minimum for the maximum. — Exactly. You're still making gains. — I see. — Even as low as 1. 2 g per kilogram, which is like hard to not hit. So, if you weigh 220 lbs, only consuming 120 grams of protein per day. Honestly, someone really needs to fix our whole metric in Imperial system. But here is a good summary of how much protein you actually need. Now, if protein doesn't matter as much as we thought, then now you might be wondering, is there anything else you can do with your diet to speed up muscle growth? And yes, there is. Because based on my experience as a coach, the biggest nutrition mistake people make isn't protein. It's what they eat or don't eat before their workout. You won't believe the number of times I've had someone start a workout and I ask what they ate before and they say something like, "Oh, 3 hours ago I had a coffee and a granola bar. " — And what I like to do is about 1. 5 to 2 hours before my workout, I'll have a meal with slow digesting carbs and protein. And so for me, that's usually oats with Greek yogurt and protein powder. And then about 30 minutes before training, I'll have some fast digesting carbs. Now, these get right into my bloodstream and I can feel the energy almost immediately. I usually don't last very long, but when I eat like this, I can go hard for hours. But of course, no discussion about diet would be complete without talking about supplements. It's