Protein Evolution Stated Clearly

So, in summary, a string of DNA acts as a template for a string of amino acids. acids, when it's built by the cell, it bends and it folds and it sticks to itself in a specific three-dimensional shape. A folded protein has charges on its surface. Some parts are negative, some parts are positive, some parts are neutral. A typical protein has parts that are highly stable. There's lots of bonds holding it together, and there are other parts that are highly mobile. They can bend, they can fold, they can twist. The normal process of Brownian motion allows individual proteins to self-assemble automatically into larger three-dimensional structures. Last but not least, the full process of evolution works all the way down at the level of proteins. And because proteins are so good at finding partners and self-assembling, no matter where the genes that coded for them exist in the cell's genome, evolution by recruitment, the merging together of previously separate parts, evolution by recruitment is far easier at the level of protein than it is at the level of animal anatomy.